Ringworm is a common fungal infection that affects the skin, scalp, and nails. Despite its name, it has nothing to do with worms. It is caused by a type of fungus called dermatophytes, which thrive on the keratin found in the outer layer of the skin. Ringworm appears as a red, circular rash with raised edges that can spread to other areas of the body if left untreated. There are several treatments for ringworm, and in some cases, oral medications, such as tablets, may be recommended for more severe or widespread infections. In this article, we will explore the best tablets for treating ringworm, how they work, and when they are needed.
What Causes Ringworm?
Ringworm is caused by fungi, specifically dermatophytes, which can infect the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails. The infection spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or animal, or by touching contaminated surfaces like towels, clothing, or shower floors. People with weakened immune systems, poor hygiene, or those who are frequently exposed to warm and damp environments, such as gyms or swimming pools, are at a higher risk of developing ringworm.
Symptoms of Ringworm
The symptoms of ringworm can vary depending on the location of the infection. Common symptoms include:
- Red, circular patches on the skin with raised, scaly edges.
- Itching and discomfort in the affected area.
- Bald patches or scaly areas on the scalp (in the case of scalp ringworm).
- Thickening or discoloration of the nails (for nail ringworm).
- Blisters or pustules that can develop around the ringworm rash.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Top Oral Medications for Ringworm
When ringworm affects large areas of the body, or if topical treatments such as creams and ointments do not work, doctors may prescribe oral medications to treat the infection. Oral antifungal tablets work by targeting and killing the fungi from the inside out, helping to eliminate the infection faster and more effectively.
Here are some of the best oral medications for treating ringworm:
Terbinafine (Lamisil)
Terbinafine is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antifungal medications for treating ringworm. It is highly effective against dermatophytes, the fungi responsible for ringworm. Terbinafine works by inhibiting the growth of the fungi, preventing them from spreading further. It is typically taken once a day for about 2 to 6 weeks, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Terbinafine is often preferred for its quick action and high success rate in treating fungal infections. It can be used to treat infections on the skin, nails, and scalp. However, some people may experience side effects, such as headaches, nausea, or liver issues, so regular monitoring by a doctor is important during treatment.
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
Itraconazole is another effective antifungal medication used to treat ringworm. It works by stopping the growth of the fungus, which helps to clear the infection. Itraconazole is often prescribed when other treatments, such as topical antifungals, have not been effective. It is available in capsule form and is usually taken once or twice a day for a period of 2 to 4 weeks.
One of the benefits of itraconazole is its ability to treat both superficial and deep fungal infections, including those that affect the nails and scalp. However, itraconazole can interact with certain medications and may cause side effects like stomach upset or liver toxicity, so it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting this medication.
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Fluconazole is a well-known antifungal drug that can be prescribed for a variety of fungal infections, including ringworm. It works by interfering with the fungal cell membrane, causing the fungus to die. Fluconazole is often used when the infection is widespread or affecting the nails or scalp. It is taken orally, usually once a day, for a duration of 2 to 4 weeks.
Fluconazole is considered to be a safe and effective option for treating ringworm, especially for individuals who may not tolerate other medications. However, like other antifungal tablets, it can cause side effects such as nausea, headaches, or liver issues, so regular check-ups are necessary during treatment.
Griseofulvin (Gris-PEG)
Griseofulvin is one of the older antifungal medications, but it remains an effective treatment for ringworm, especially for scalp or nail infections. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi and preventing them from spreading to healthy skin cells. Griseofulvin is usually taken once or twice a day for several weeks, depending on the infection’s location and severity.
This medication may be recommended for individuals who do not respond to other oral antifungal medications. It can be taken with food to improve absorption. Griseofulvin is generally safe, but some individuals may experience side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, headaches, or dizziness. It is also not recommended for pregnant women.
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication that is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, including ringworm. It works by interfering with the fungal cell membrane, preventing the fungi from growing and spreading. Ketoconazole is available in oral tablet form and is usually taken once a day for 2 to 4 weeks.
While ketoconazole is an effective treatment for ringworm, it is generally reserved for cases that do not respond to other medications. It can interact with other medications and may cause side effects like nausea, liver damage, or skin rashes. Doctors often monitor patients closely during treatment to ensure safety.
When Are Oral Medications Necessary?
Oral medications are usually prescribed when ringworm is widespread, severe, or resistant to topical treatments. They may also be necessary if the infection is affecting the scalp, nails, or other areas that are difficult to treat with creams and ointments.
In addition, people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or cancer, may require oral antifungal treatment because their bodies are less capable of fighting off infections. A healthcare provider will consider the location, severity, and duration of the infection before recommending an oral medication.
How Long Does It Take for Oral Medications to Work?
The length of time it takes for oral medications to work varies depending on the severity of the infection and the medication used. Most people start to see improvement within the first few weeks of treatment. However, it is important to complete the entire course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated.
Even if the rash starts to clear up, stopping the medication early can cause the infection to return. It can take several weeks to a few months to completely clear the infection, especially if it involves the nails or scalp.
Possible Side Effects of Oral Medications
Like all medications, oral antifungal tablets can cause side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, stomach upset, headaches, and dizziness. Some medications, such as terbinafine, may cause liver problems, so regular blood tests may be necessary to monitor liver function during treatment.
If you experience any unusual or severe side effects, such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, severe abdominal pain, or unusual tiredness, you should contact your doctor immediately.
Conclusion
Ringworm is a treatable condition, and there are several oral medications available to help clear the infection when topical treatments are not effective. Terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin, and ketoconazole are some of the most commonly prescribed oral antifungal medications for ringworm. The choice of medication will depend on the severity, location, and duration of the infection, as well as the individual’s health status.
If you suspect you have ringworm or have been diagnosed with it, consult your healthcare provider to determine the best treatment for your situation. With the right medication and care, ringworm can be treated effectively, and the infection can be cleared up in a matter of weeks.
Related topics
