Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a skin condition that can cause discomfort, itching, and irritation. In severe cases, eczema can significantly affect a person’s quality of life, leading to inflamed, cracked, and bleeding skin. If you or someone you know is struggling with severe eczema, it’s essential to know how to manage and relieve the symptoms. This article will discuss practical ways to relieve severe eczema, focusing on both medical treatments and home remedies.
Understanding Severe Eczema
Severe eczema is characterized by intense itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin. It may affect different parts of the body, such as the face, elbows, knees, hands, and feet. The skin becomes dry, scaly, and may even develop blisters or cracks. Severe eczema can be triggered by various factors, including allergies, irritants, stress, and environmental changes.
While there is no permanent cure for eczema, effective treatments can help manage flare-ups and prevent further damage to the skin. Relieving severe eczema involves a combination of medical treatments, skincare routines, lifestyle changes, and natural remedies.
1. Moisturize Regularly
One of the most crucial steps in managing eczema is keeping the skin well-moisturized. Dry skin can exacerbate eczema symptoms, making the skin more prone to irritation and cracking. It is important to apply moisturizers immediately after bathing while the skin is still damp, as this helps to lock in moisture.
Look for thick, fragrance-free moisturizers or emollients designed for sensitive skin. Choose creams or ointments over lotions, as they tend to be more effective at sealing moisture in. Products containing ceramides, hyaluronic acid, and glycerin are particularly beneficial for eczema-prone skin.
You may need to moisturize multiple times throughout the day, especially in areas that tend to get drier. Consider carrying a small bottle of moisturizer with you to ensure you can keep your skin hydrated on the go.
2. Use Medicated Creams and Ointments
For severe eczema, over-the-counter or prescription-strength topical treatments may be necessary. These treatments help to reduce inflammation, alleviate itching, and speed up the healing process. Your healthcare provider may recommend the following:
Topical Corticosteroids: These are the most common medications used to treat eczema. They work by reducing inflammation and controlling the immune response that causes flare-ups. However, they should be used as directed by a doctor, as overuse can cause side effects like thinning of the skin.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: These medications, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, help control inflammation by targeting specific immune system cells. They are often prescribed when corticosteroids are not effective or suitable for long-term use.
Coal Tar: Coal tar is sometimes used for chronic eczema to reduce scaling and inflammation. It can be messy and have a strong odor, but it may help to relieve symptoms.
Crisaborole (Eucrisa): This is a non-steroidal ointment that can help treat mild-to-moderate eczema. It works by inhibiting the activity of enzymes that contribute to inflammation.
Be sure to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on how to use these treatments and avoid applying them to broken or infected skin.
3. Take Short, Lukewarm Showers or Baths
Hot water can strip the skin of its natural oils, worsening eczema symptoms. Instead, take short showers or baths in lukewarm water to avoid further irritation. Limit the time spent in water to 10–15 minutes, as prolonged exposure can dry out the skin.
When bathing, avoid using harsh soaps or body washes, which can further irritate the skin. Choose mild, fragrance-free cleansers designed for sensitive skin. You may also consider adding colloidal oatmeal or baking soda to the bathwater, as both ingredients can help soothe irritated skin.
After bathing, gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel, taking care not to rub the skin. Immediately apply a moisturizer to damp skin to help lock in moisture.
4. Apply Wet Wrap Therapy
Wet wrap therapy is an effective way to relieve severe eczema flare-ups. This technique involves applying a layer of moisturizer or topical medication to the affected skin and then covering it with a wet cloth or bandage. The moisture helps hydrate the skin while the layers work to lock in the treatment.
To perform wet wrap therapy, follow these steps:
- Bathe or shower in lukewarm water.
- Apply a thick layer of moisturizer or prescribed topical medication to the affected areas.
- Soak a clean cloth or bandage in warm water and wring it out so it’s damp but not dripping.
- Wrap the damp cloth around the affected areas of the body.
- Cover the damp cloth with a dry layer, such as a cotton bandage or clothing.
- Leave the wraps on for a few hours or overnight to allow the skin to absorb the treatment.
Wet wrap therapy is especially helpful for relieving intense itching and redness. However, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider before trying this technique, especially for children or severe eczema cases.
5. Manage Stress Effectively
Stress is a known trigger for eczema flare-ups. When you’re stressed, your body releases hormones that can worsen inflammation and make itching more intense. It’s important to find ways to manage stress to reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups.
Some effective stress-management techniques include:
Mindfulness and meditation: Practicing mindfulness or deep-breathing exercises can help calm the mind and reduce stress levels.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve your mood and lower stress.
Sleep: Getting enough restful sleep is essential for stress management and overall well-being.
Relaxation techniques: Activities like yoga, journaling, or spending time in nature can promote relaxation and reduce stress.
Try to identify the specific stressors that may be triggering your eczema and find healthy ways to cope with them.
6. Avoid Known Triggers
Certain environmental factors and substances can trigger eczema flare-ups. Identifying and avoiding these triggers is crucial to managing severe eczema. Some common eczema triggers include:
Allergens: Pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and mold can all trigger eczema flare-ups. Try to minimize exposure by keeping your home clean, using allergen-proof covers for pillows and mattresses, and avoiding known allergens.
Irritants: Harsh chemicals, soaps, and detergents can irritate the skin and worsen eczema symptoms. Opt for mild, fragrance-free products and avoid using products with strong chemicals or artificial fragrances.
Temperature extremes: Both hot and cold weather can trigger eczema flare-ups. When it’s cold outside, make sure to wear warm, protective clothing and use a humidifier to add moisture to the air. In hot weather, stay cool and hydrated, and avoid sweating excessively.
Foods: Certain foods, like dairy, nuts, eggs, or wheat, may contribute to eczema flare-ups in some people. Keeping a food diary can help you track any food-related triggers. If you suspect that a food is causing your eczema, consult with a healthcare provider for advice.
7. Consider Phototherapy
For severe eczema that does not respond to topical treatments, phototherapy may be an option. Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light in a controlled environment. This treatment can help reduce inflammation and slow down the production of skin cells, which is beneficial for eczema sufferers.
There are two main types of phototherapy used for eczema:
Narrowband UVB therapy: This involves using UVB light to target the affected areas of the skin.
PUVA therapy: This combines UV light with a medication called psoralen, which increases the skin’s sensitivity to light.
Phototherapy is usually done under the supervision of a dermatologist and may require several sessions to see improvement.
8. Try Natural Remedies
While scientific evidence for the effectiveness of natural remedies is limited, some people find relief from eczema using natural treatments. These remedies may help soothe the skin and reduce inflammation. Always consult with your healthcare provider before trying any new treatments, especially if you are already using prescription medications.
Some natural remedies that may help relieve eczema include:
Aloe vera: Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe irritated skin and promote healing. Apply fresh aloe vera gel to the affected areas.
Coconut oil: Coconut oil contains natural moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties. It can be applied directly to the skin to help lock in moisture and reduce redness.
Honey: Honey has antibacterial and healing properties. It can be applied to eczema patches to help reduce inflammation and prevent infection.
Chamomile: Chamomile tea or chamomile-infused lotions may have anti-inflammatory effects that can help calm eczema symptoms.
9. Consult with a Dermatologist
If your eczema is severe and not responding to home treatments, it’s important to consult a dermatologist. A dermatologist can evaluate your condition and recommend a tailored treatment plan that may include prescription medications, specialized skin care products, or advanced therapies like biologics.
In some cases, a dermatologist may perform patch testing to determine if an allergy or irritant is triggering your eczema. By identifying the underlying cause, you can take steps to avoid the trigger and prevent future flare-ups.
Conclusion
Severe eczema can be challenging to manage, but with the right approach, relief is possible. By moisturizing regularly, using medicated creams, taking care of your skin, and identifying triggers, you can significantly improve your condition. Stress management, natural remedies, and consulting with a dermatologist can also play a crucial role in controlling eczema flare-ups. With a combination of these strategies, you can reduce discomfort and enjoy a better quality of life despite the challenges of eczema.
Related topics
