Eczema is a common skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, itching, and dryness. It can be frustrating to deal with, especially when flare-ups occur unexpectedly. There are many factors that can trigger eczema flare-ups. Understanding what causes these flare-ups can help you manage the condition and prevent episodes from becoming more severe. In this article, we will explore what can flare eczema and how to minimize the risk of flare-ups.
1. Environmental Triggers
The environment plays a significant role in eczema flare-ups. Different environmental factors can irritate the skin and trigger a reaction.
Temperature and Humidity Changes
Extreme temperatures, whether hot or cold, can cause your skin to become dry, leading to eczema flare-ups. Cold weather, especially during the winter months, can strip the skin of moisture, making it more prone to irritation. On the other hand, hot and humid conditions can lead to sweating, which can aggravate eczema.
Air Pollution
Air pollution is another environmental factor that can trigger eczema flare-ups. Pollutants such as dust, smoke, and chemicals in the air can irritate the skin, leading to an increase in inflammation. People living in areas with high levels of air pollution may be more prone to eczema flare-ups.
Dry Air
Low humidity levels, common during winter, can cause the skin to become dry and itchy. Dry air pulls moisture from the skin, making it harder for the skin to maintain its natural barrier. This can lead to dryness, irritation, and eczema flare-ups.
2. Allergens
Allergens are substances that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. They can be found in the environment or in products we use daily.
Dust Mites
Dust mites are tiny insects that live in dust, especially in bedding, pillows, and carpets. These microscopic creatures are one of the most common allergens and can trigger eczema flare-ups. If you have eczema, exposure to dust mites can cause itching and inflammation.
Pollen
During certain times of the year, pollen levels rise, especially in spring and fall. Pollen can trigger allergic reactions in people with sensitive skin, causing eczema to flare up. If you’re allergic to pollen, it’s important to take steps to reduce exposure during high pollen seasons.
Pet Dander
Pet dander is made up of tiny flakes of skin shed by animals like cats, dogs, and rabbits. If you are allergic to pet dander, exposure can cause itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin. Pet dander can linger in your home even after pets have left the room, making it a potential trigger for eczema flare-ups.
Mold
Mold is another common allergen that can cause skin irritation. Mold thrives in damp areas like bathrooms, basements, and kitchens. It releases spores that can trigger eczema flare-ups when inhaled or when they come into contact with the skin.
3. Irritants in Personal Care Products
Many personal care products contain chemicals or fragrances that can irritate sensitive skin. If you have eczema, it’s important to be mindful of the ingredients in the products you use.
Soaps and Detergents
Certain soaps and laundry detergents can cause skin irritation. These products often contain fragrances, dyes, and other chemicals that strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation. When choosing personal care products, look for those that are fragrance-free and gentle on the skin.
Skin Care Products with Harsh Ingredients
Some skin care products contain harsh ingredients such as alcohol, parabens, or sulfates that can worsen eczema symptoms. These ingredients can strip the skin of moisture and disrupt its natural barrier. Always opt for skin care products designed for sensitive skin and avoid products with strong fragrances or irritating chemicals.
Cosmetics
Makeup and other cosmetic products can also trigger eczema flare-ups, especially if they contain fragrances, alcohol, or other irritating ingredients. People with eczema should choose cosmetics labeled as hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic to minimize the risk of irritation.
4. Food Allergies
Certain foods can trigger allergic reactions in people with eczema, leading to flare-ups. While food allergies are not the sole cause of eczema, they can play a role in aggravating the condition.
Dairy Products
Dairy products, especially milk, are common triggers for eczema flare-ups in some people. If you’re allergic or sensitive to dairy, it can lead to skin inflammation and itching. If you suspect dairy is a trigger, consider eliminating it from your diet to see if your symptoms improve.
Eggs
Eggs are another food that can trigger eczema flare-ups in some people, particularly in children. The proteins in eggs can cause an allergic reaction that results in skin irritation and eczema flare-ups.
Nuts and Shellfish
Nuts and shellfish are common allergens that can cause severe allergic reactions in some individuals. If you’re allergic to these foods, you may experience eczema flare-ups, along with other symptoms like hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
5. Stress
Stress is another significant factor that can trigger eczema flare-ups. When you’re stressed, your body releases hormones like cortisol, which can affect your skin. Stress can also lead to behaviors such as scratching or rubbing the skin, which can worsen eczema symptoms.
Emotional Stress
Emotional stress from work, school, or personal relationships can cause eczema symptoms to worsen. It’s important to find ways to manage stress, whether through relaxation techniques, exercise, or talking to a counselor.
Physical Stress
Physical stress, such as exhaustion or illness, can also affect your skin. When your body is under physical stress, your immune system may become weaker, making it more difficult to manage eczema. Ensuring you get enough rest and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce physical stress on your body.
6. Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations can have a significant impact on eczema, especially in women. Changes in hormone levels can trigger flare-ups, and some women experience more intense eczema symptoms during certain times in their menstrual cycle.
Pregnancy and Menstruation
Pregnant women may experience changes in their skin due to hormonal shifts. Eczema flare-ups are common during pregnancy, and symptoms may worsen due to increased stress on the body. Similarly, many women experience eczema flare-ups around the time of their period due to hormonal fluctuations.
Menopause
Menopause is another time when hormonal changes can affect eczema. As estrogen levels drop during menopause, some women find that their eczema worsens or changes in appearance. Managing eczema during this time may require extra care and attention to skincare routines.
7. Clothing and Fabrics
What you wear can also contribute to eczema flare-ups. Certain fabrics and clothing materials can irritate the skin, leading to itching and inflammation.
Wool and Synthetic Fabrics
Wool and synthetic fabrics, such as polyester and nylon, can cause irritation in people with eczema. These materials can trap heat and moisture, making the skin more susceptible to flare-ups. If you have eczema, it’s best to choose soft, breathable fabrics like cotton.
Tight Clothing
Tight-fitting clothing can rub against the skin, causing irritation and increasing the likelihood of eczema flare-ups. Loose-fitting clothing made from soft, natural fabrics can help reduce friction and allow the skin to breathe.
8. Infection
Infections can also trigger eczema flare-ups or make existing symptoms worse. People with eczema are more susceptible to skin infections because their skin barrier is weakened. Scratching or rubbing the skin can cause open wounds, making it easier for bacteria or viruses to enter.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus, can lead to more severe eczema flare-ups. These infections can cause the skin to become red, swollen, and painful. If you notice signs of infection, such as increased redness, pus, or fever, it’s important to see a doctor for treatment.
Viral Infections
Viral infections like cold sores or chickenpox can also aggravate eczema. If you have eczema and develop a viral infection, it may take longer to heal, and your eczema symptoms may worsen.
Conclusion
Eczema flare-ups can be triggered by a variety of factors, including environmental conditions, allergens, stress, food sensitivities, and hormonal changes. By identifying and managing these triggers, you can reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups. It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive plan for managing eczema, which may include lifestyle changes, skincare routines, and medication. By staying informed and proactive, you can take control of your eczema and improve your skin health.
Related topics
