Eczema, also called atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition. It causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Eczema can come and go. Sometimes it gets worse, which is called a flare-up. Flare-ups can be painful and hard to manage. But there are many things you can do to reduce the symptoms and soothe your skin. This article will explain what you can use for eczema flare-ups and how to prevent them.
What Is an Eczema Flare-Up?
An eczema flare-up is when the skin becomes more irritated than usual. The skin may turn red, feel hot, or start to crack and ooze. Flare-ups can be triggered by many things. Common triggers include stress, weather changes, allergens, and harsh skin products.
During a flare-up, your skin needs extra care. The goal is to reduce inflammation, relieve itching, and heal the skin barrier.
Symptoms of an Eczema Flare-Up
- Dry and scaly skin
- Red or dark patches
- Itchy or burning feeling
- Swelling
- Oozing or crusting
- Cracked skin
- Thickened skin with long-term eczema
Understanding your symptoms helps you know when a flare-up is starting. The earlier you treat it, the better.
Over-the-Counter Treatments
Moisturizers
Moisturizers are the most important product for eczema. They keep your skin hydrated and help protect the skin barrier.
Use fragrance-free and thick moisturizers. Creams and ointments are better than lotions because they stay on the skin longer. Look for ingredients like ceramides, glycerin, shea butter, and petrolatum.
Apply moisturizer at least twice a day, and always after bathing.
Some recommended brands:
- CeraVe Moisturizing Cream
- Vanicream Moisturizing Cream
- Aquaphor Healing Ointment
- Eucerin Advanced Repair Cream
Hydrocortisone Cream
Hydrocortisone cream is a mild steroid cream. It helps reduce redness, swelling, and itching. You can buy it without a prescription. Use it on flare-ups for up to 7 days.
Apply a thin layer to the affected area 1-2 times a day. Then apply your regular moisturizer after 15-20 minutes.
Do not use it on broken skin or near the eyes unless your doctor says it’s okay.
Antihistamines
If itching is very strong, over-the-counter antihistamines can help. They work by calming your immune system and reducing itchiness.
Some examples:
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) – can make you sleepy
- Loratadine (Claritin) – non-drowsy
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec) – may cause mild drowsiness
Only use antihistamines for short-term flare-ups unless your doctor tells you otherwise.
Prescription Treatments
Sometimes over-the-counter products are not enough. If eczema gets worse or keeps coming back, your doctor may prescribe stronger medicines.
Topical Steroids
These are stronger than hydrocortisone. They come in different strengths. Your doctor will choose the right one for your skin and the area being treated.
Examples:
- Triamcinolone
- Betamethasone
- Clobetasol
Use as directed. Do not use for too long because strong steroids can thin the skin.
Non-Steroid Creams
Some people cannot use steroids or want another option. There are non-steroid creams that also reduce inflammation.
Examples:
- Tacrolimus (Protopic)
- Pimecrolimus (Elidel)
These can cause a burning feeling when first used. But they are safe for long-term use and for sensitive areas like the face.
Oral Medications
In severe cases, your doctor may prescribe pills to control the immune system.
Options include:
- Oral steroids like prednisone (for short-term use)
- Immunosuppressants like cyclosporine or methotrexate
- Newer biologics like dupilumab (Dupixent), which target specific immune responses
These are only for moderate to severe eczema and require careful medical supervision.
Natural and Home Remedies
Some people prefer natural options. While they may not work for everyone, they can help reduce symptoms for some people. Always test on a small area first.
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil is a natural moisturizer with antibacterial properties. Use virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil. Apply it to damp skin once or twice a day.
Oatmeal Baths
Colloidal oatmeal can soothe itching and calm the skin. Add it to a lukewarm bath and soak for 10-15 minutes. After the bath, gently pat the skin dry and apply moisturizer.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera gel can cool the skin and help reduce inflammation. Use pure aloe vera without added colors or fragrances.
Honey
Honey has natural healing properties. Some people apply a thin layer of raw honey to eczema patches. Leave it on for 20 minutes and rinse with warm water.
Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil can help reduce inflammation, but it must be diluted. Mix a few drops with a carrier oil like coconut or olive oil. Use sparingly and with caution.
Bathing Tips for Eczema
Bathing is important for eczema care, but you must do it the right way.
- Use lukewarm water (not hot)
- Bathe for no more than 10-15 minutes
- Use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser
- Avoid scrubbing the skin
- Pat the skin dry with a towel (don’t rub)
- Apply moisturizer immediately after the bath while skin is damp
Adding bath oils like sunflower seed oil or oatmeal can help soothe the skin during flare-ups.
Lifestyle Tips to Prevent Flare-Ups
Preventing flare-ups is just as important as treating them. Small daily changes can make a big difference.
Identify and Avoid Triggers
Everyone’s eczema is different. Keep a diary to track flare-ups and find out what causes them.
Common triggers:
- Harsh soaps or detergents
- Cold or dry weather
- Stress
- Allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander)
- Sweating
- Certain foods (like dairy or gluten, in some people)
- Fabrics like wool
Once you know your triggers, try to avoid them as much as possible.
Wear Soft Clothing
Choose soft fabrics like cotton. Avoid wool or rough materials. Wash new clothes before wearing them and use fragrance-free laundry detergent.
Manage Stress
Stress can cause or worsen eczema. Try stress-reducing activities like:
- Deep breathing
- Yoga
- Meditation
- Gentle exercise
- Talking to a therapist
Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water every day. Staying hydrated helps keep your skin healthy.
Use a Humidifier
Dry air can make eczema worse, especially in winter. A humidifier adds moisture to the air. Use it in your bedroom while you sleep.
When to See a Doctor
If your eczema does not improve with home care or gets worse, see a dermatologist.
Seek medical help if:
- Your skin becomes very red, swollen, or painful
- You notice pus or signs of infection
- Over-the-counter products no longer help
- You have trouble sleeping due to itching
- You want to explore prescription options
Tips for Children with Eczema
Eczema is common in babies and children. Parents can help reduce flare-ups by:
- Keeping nails short to prevent scratching
- Using fragrance-free baby products
- Giving short baths with warm water
- Applying moisturizer after every bath
- Using soft bedding and clothes
- Watching for food allergies
Always speak to a pediatrician before using medications on children.
Final Thoughts
Managing an eczema flare-up takes time and care. Moisturizing regularly, using gentle products, and avoiding triggers can help reduce symptoms. During flare-ups, use hydrocortisone or prescription creams as needed. Natural remedies like coconut oil and oatmeal baths can also help soothe the skin. If your eczema gets worse or won’t go away, talk to your doctor about stronger treatments.
With the right steps, you can calm a flare-up and protect your skin. Keep your skin routine simple, consistent, and gentle. Over time, you can learn what works best for you and keep your eczema under control.
Taking care of eczema is not just about treating the skin. It’s about caring for your whole body—your skin, your habits, and your well-being.
Let your skin heal with the support it needs.
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